Cell-free DNA in Embryo Culture Media as Non-invasive Biomarker of the Quality of Embryo Cleavage

Background: The success of in vitro-fertilization (IVF) cycles is determined in large part by the quality of embryo cleavage, which in turn, is dependent on the quality of the embryo culture media (CM). Many factors can influence the quality of embryo CM, one of which is the levels of Cell Free Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Understanding the association between Cell-free DNA levels in embryo CM and the quality of embryo cleavage could help improve the quality of IVF techniques. Methods: This prospective study was conducted with 96 spent CM from patients undergoing IVF cycle, in order to determine relationships of Cell-free DNA levels in embryo CM with embryo cleavage quality on day 3. After intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), 48 embryos were evaluated on day 3 of their development, according to their cell number. Day 2 and day 3 CM corresponding to each one of the embryos was analyzed, by quantitative PCR, for estimation of Cell-free DNA levels. Results: The results revealed a significant increase in Cell-free DNA levels on day 2 CM corresponding to 4 to 6 cell embryos compared to those corresponding to 7 to 8 cell embryos (p=0.04). As for day 3 CM, the results showed no significant difference between the Cell-Free DNA levels in CM of 7-8 and those of 4-6 cell embryos (p=0.4). Also, cell free DNA levels in embryo CM, were significantly higher on day 2 compared to day 3 for both 7-8 and 4-6 cell embryos (p=0.03; p=0.04). Conclusion: We conclude that cell-free DNA levels in CM might be associated with delayed embryo cleavage.

Advances in nonketotic hyperglycinemia / 国际儿科学杂志

Nonketotic hyperglycinemia(NKH), also known as glycine encephalopathy, is a rare and life-threatening autosomal recessive disease.Due to the insufficient activity of the glycine cleavage enzyme system(GCS), glycine can not be degraded and accumulates in the body.It leads to progressive damage to the nervous system.The clinical manifestations of the disease vary.Based on ultimate outcome, NKH is categorized into severe NKH and attenuated NKH.It is characterized by increased glycine level in cerebrospinal, and further confirmatory tests are molecular genetic testing and enzymatic testing.So far, no causal treatment of NKH has been discovered and the overall prognosis is still poor.The therapy is based on sodium benzoate and N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA)receptor site antagonists.This article reviews the progress of NKH, in order to help clinicians comprehensively identify NKH and take proactive measures to get the best results.

Insight into strigolactone hormone functions in plant parasitic weeds: a regulatory perspective

The strigolactones (SLs) are plants hormones that have multiple functions in architecture and development. The roles of SLs in shoot branching and stem secondary growth of autotrophic plants are established. SL is also involved in the interaction between root parasitic plants and their host plants. SLs are exudates by the root of the host plant in search of a fungal partner for symbiotic association, while parasitic plants utilize this facility to detect the host root. The first formed tubercle of Philapanhche, whose germinations are driven by host-derived SLs, exudates parasitic derived SLs (PSLs) and could encourages germination of the adjacent parasitic seeds, resulting in parasite cluster formation. The existence of aboveground spikes in clusters suggests an intriguing approach for increasing parasite population by amplifying PSLs, which result in massive parasitic seed germination. PSLs probably have a role in the increased branching of Broomrapes opposing the host plant, resulting in the parasites' clustered appearance aboveground. This review highlights the distinct roles of SLs and PSLs, and their potential role in host-parasitic interaction.

Analysis of pregnancy outcomes of single top-quality blastocyst transfer developed from cleavage embryos with different grading / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical outcomes of top-quality blastocysts transfer developed from cleavage embryos with different grading and determine whether the cleavage stage embryo morphology grading should be taken into consideration when transferring the embryo at the blastocyst stage.Methods:A number of 3 059 cycles were included with single top-quality blastocyst transfer dating from January 2017 to May 2021 in Henan Provincial People′s Hospital. According to the number of cleavage sphere and degree of fragmentation, all cleavage stage embryos were divided into three groups: top D3 embryo (8 cells, ≤5% fragments)-TB group, suboptimal D3 embryo (8 cells, 5%<fragments≤10%; 7 cells or 9 cells, ≤10%)-TB group, and normal D3 embryo-TB group. Univariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis and threshold effect analysis were performed on the data.Results:The clinical pregnancy rates of top D3 embryo-TB group(1 326 cycles), suboptimal D3 embryo-TB group (830 cycles) and normal D3 embryo-TB group (903 cycles) were 69.53%, 70.12% and 66.67%, respectively ( P>0.05); and the early abortion rate were 10.74%, 12.54% and 12.62%, respectively ( P>0.05). After adjusting for confounders, logistic regression showed that no significant associations were found between cleavage stage embryo morphology grading and clinical pregnancy rate (suboptimal D3 embryo-TB group: OR=1.02, 95% CI: 0.76-1.38, P=0.879; normal D3 embryo-TB group: OR=0.84, 95% CI: 0.61-1.14, P=0.262) and early abortion rate (suboptimal D3 embryo-TB group: OR=1.18, 95% CI: 0.77-1.82, P=0.445; normal D3 embryo-TB group: OR=1.26, 95% CI: 0.81-1.98, P=0.309). The results of threshold effect analysis showed that when a single top-quality blastocysts was transferred, the effect of age on the clinical pregnancy rate showed a curve relationship, when the age was≥33 years old, the clinical pregnancy rate decreased significantly with age increased ( OR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.83-0.95, P=0.007); and there was no significant change in early abortion rate ( OR=1.01, 95% CI: 0.97-1.06, P=0.628). Conclusions:Cleavage stage embryo grading is not found to correlate with clinical outcomes in single top-quality blastcyst tranfer. Therefore, when considering blastocyst transfer, its morphology at blastocyst stage is more relevant. The effect of age on pregnancy outcomes of single blastocyst transfer should be considered.

SARS-CoV-2 with transcription regulatory sequence motif mutation poses a greater threat / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the mutations in transcription regulatory sequences (TRSs) of coronaviruss (CoV) to provide the basis for exploring the patterns of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and outbreak.@*METHODS@#A combined evolutionary and molecular functional analysis of all sets of publicly available genomic data of viruses was performed.@*RESULTS@#A leader transcription regulatory sequence (TRS-L) usually comprises the first 60-70 nts of the 5' UTR in a CoV genome, and the body transcription regulatory sequences (TRS-Bs) are located immediately upstream of the genes other than ORF1a and 1b. In each CoV genome, the TRS-L and TRS-Bs share a specific consensus sequence, namely the TRS motif. Any changes of nucleotide residues in the TRS motifs are defined as TRS motif mutations. Mutations in the TRS-L or multiple TRS-Bs result in superattenuated variants. The spread of super-attenuated variants may cause an increase in asymptomatic or mild infections, prolonged incubation periods and a decreased detection rate of the viruses, thus posing new challenges to SARS-CoV-2 prevention and control. The super-attenuated variants also increase their possibility of long-term coexistence with humans. The Delta variant is significantly different from all the previous variants and may lead to a large-scale transmission. The Delta variant (B.1.617.2) with TRS motif mutation has already appeared and shown signs of spreading in Singapore, which, and even the Southeast Asia, may become the new epicenter of the next wave of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.@*CONCLUSION@#TRS motif mutation will occur in all variants of SARS-CoV-2 and may result in super-attenuated variants. Only super-attenuated variants with TRS motif mutations will eventually lose the abilities of cross-species transmission and causing outbreaks.

Genome-wide identification of CsCCD gene family in tea plant (Camellia sinensis) and expression analysis of the oolong tea processing with supplementary LED light / 生物工程学报

Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CCD) family is important for production of volatile aromatic compounds and synthesis of plant hormones. To explore the biological functions and gene expression patterns of CsCCD gene family in tea plant, genome-wide identification of CsCCD gene family was performed. The gene structures, conserved motifs, chromosome locations, protein physicochemical properties, evolutionary characteristics, interaction network and cis-acting regulatory elements were predicted and analyzed. Real time-quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the relative expression level of CsCCD gene family members under different leaf positions and light treatments during processing. A total of 11 CsCCD gene family members, each containing exons ranging from 1 to 11 and introns ranging from 0 to 10, were identified. The average number of amino acids and molecular weight were 519 aa and 57 643.35 Da, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed the CsCCD gene family was clustered into 5 major groups (CCD1, CCD4, CCD7, CCD8 and NCED). The CsCCD gene family mainly contained stress response elements, hormone response elements, light response elements and multi-factor response elements, and light response elements was the most abundant (142 elements). Expression analysis showed that the expression levels of CsCCD1 and CsCCD4 in elder leaves were higher than those in younger leaves and stems. With the increase of turning over times, the expression levels of CsCCD1 and CsCCD4 decreased, while supplementary LED light strongly promoted their expression levels in the early stage. The expression level of NCED in younger leaves was higher than that in elder leaves and stems on average, and the expression trend varied in the process of turning over. NCED3 first increased and then decreased, with an expression level 15 times higher than that in fresh leaves. In the late stage of turning over, supplementary LED light significantly promoted its gene expression. In conclusion, CsCCD gene family member expressions were regulated by mechanical force and light. These understandings may help to optimize tea processing techniques and improve tea quality.

Compulsão à ocupação: uma face mortífera da contemporaneidade / Compulsive occupation: a deadly face of contemporaneity / Compulsión hacia la ocupación: una faz mortífera de la contemporaneidad

O objetivo deste artigo é investigar o circuito compulsivo de ocupação em que muitos sujeitos se encontram aprisionados na contemporaneidade. Partimos do pressuposto de que a aceleração e o excesso de atividades podem adquirir caráter patológico. Quando isso ocorre, essas manifestações nos parecem ligadas às problemáticas do trauma e do narcisismo. Examinamos, inicialmente, a constituição psíquica no âmbito do traumático, destacando as repercussões narcísicas diante da fragilidade dos investimentos objetais. Nesse sentido, articulamos a constituição narcísica de base traumática e o circuito mortífero subjacente à compulsão à ocupação. Em seguida, nos detemos no funcionamento psíquico do sujeito, sob o impacto traumático, alicerçado na clivagem e na busca pela sobrevivência através da ocupação compulsiva. Entendemos que a compulsão à ocupação e o cansaço extremo que ela engendra revelam um modo de sobrevivência psíquica baseado na descarga, na anestesia e no vazio afetivo. Esses casos nos alertam para a importância do olhar e do cuidado de um outro para que o sujeito possa se ocupar de si mesmo, para que possa viver e não apenas ocupar-se compulsivamente.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the compulsive cycle of occupation to which many subjects are imprisoned in contemporaneity. We begin with the assumption that the acceleration and the plethora of activities may acquire a pathological trait. When this happens, we hypothesize that such manifestations are related to the issues of trauma and narcissism. We initially examine the psychic constitution of the subject in the context of trauma, highlighting the narcissistic repercussions before the frailty of the investments in primary objects. In this regard, we link the narcissistic constitution of traumatic basis and the deadly circuit underlying the compulsion towards excessive occupation. Next, we take time to examine the psychic functioning of the subject, under the impact of trauma, based on the cleavage and the search for survival through compulsive occupation. We understand that compulsive occupation and the extreme fatigue generated reveal a way of psychic survival based on discharge, numbness, and emotional emptiness. Such cases alert us to the importance of the attention and care of others so that the subject can be occupied of himself, so that he can live and not just be occupied compulsively.

El objetivo de este artículo es investigar el circuito compulsivo de ocupación en el cual muchos sujetos están aprisionados en la contemporaneidad. Partimos del supuesto de que la aceleración y el exceso de actividades pueden adquirir un carácter patológico. Cuando esto sucede las manifestaciones nos parecen conectadas a las problemáticas del trauma y del narcisismo. Examinamos inicialmente la constitución psíquica del sujeto en el ámbito de lo traumático, destacando las repercusiones narcisistas ante la fragilidad de las inversiones en los objetos primarios. En este sentido, articulamos la constitución narcisista de base traumática y el circuito mortífero latente a la compulsión hacia la ocupación. En seguida, nos detenemos en el funcionamiento psíquico del sujeto, bajo el impacto traumático, basado en el clivaje y en la búsqueda por la sobrevivencia a través de la ocupación excesiva. Entendemos que la compulsión hacia la ocupación y el cansancio extremo generado revelan un modo de sobrevivencia psíquica basado en la descarga, en la anestesia y en el vacío afectivo. Estos casos nos alertan para la importancia de la mirada y del cuidado de un otro para que el sujeto pueda ocuparse de sí mismo, para que pueda vivir y no apenas ocuparse compulsivamente.

A pandemia de coronavírus e seus significados / The coronavirus pandemic and its meanings / La pandemia del virus corona y sus significados / La pandémie du coronavirus et ses significations

Este artigo examina os significados da pandemia de coronavírus de uma perspectiva sociopolítica e psicanalítica. Ele propõe que o conceito de desenvolvimento combinado e desigual é relevante para a compreensão dos acontecimentos atuais. Isso porque, na gênese de uma nova doença, a pandemia reuniu circunstâncias em que a interface entre a sociedade e o mundo natural está desregulada, e também em que as formas modernas de comunicação permitiram a disseminação da doença em todo o mundo com uma rapidez sem precedentes. Várias linhas de divisão social são expostas pela crise, pois as classes sociais, as populações étnicas, os grupos etários, as mulheres e os homens, as nações e as regiões estão sendo prejudicados de maneiras diferentes. Prioridades contrastantes, de origem ideológica, são reveladas na resposta que os governos estão dando ao vírus, no compromisso que estão tendo com a preservação de vidas em comparação com outros interesses materiais. Na segunda parte do artigo são exploradas as dimensões psicossociais da crise. Uma perspectiva psicanalítica enfoca as ansiedades como geradas pelo transtorno e pelos riscos extremos impostos pela crise. Sugere-se que estas sejam não apenas conscientes, mas também inconscientes, dando origem a tipos destrutivos de clivagem e negação psicológicas e perturbando a tomada de decisão reflexiva. Argumenta-se que a perda de estruturas mentais e sociais continentes está tendo efeitos prejudiciais agora, e que a sua restauração pode ser o pré-requisito de resoluções construtivas para uma crise social generalizada.

This article examines the meanings of the Coronavirus Pandemic from a perspective which is both socio-political and psychoanalytic. It suggests that the concept of "combined and uneven development” is relevant to understanding the events which are now taking place. This is because the pandemic has brought together the genesis of a new disease in conditions where the interface between society and the natural world is unregulated, but also where modern forms of communication have enabled an unprecedentedly rapid spread of the disease to take place, across the entire globe. Multiple lines of social division are being exposed by the crisis, as social classes, ethnic populations, age groups, women and men, nations and regions are differentially harmed. Contrasting priorities, ideological in origin, are being revealed in governments' response to the virus, in the commitment they give to the preservation of lives compared with other material interests. In a second part of the article, psycho-social dimensions of the crisis are explored. A psychoanalytical perspective focuses on anxieties as these are generated by the extreme disruption and risks posed by the crisis. It is suggested that these are not only conscious but also unconscious, giving rise to destructive kinds of psychological splitting and denial, and disrupting capacities for reflective decision-making. It is argued that a loss of "containing” mental and social structures is now having damaging effects, and that their repair may be the precondition for constructive resolutions of a general social crisis.

Este artículo examina los significados de la pandemia del virus corona de una perspectiva sociopolítica y psicoanalítica. Propone que el concepto de "desarrollo combinado y desigual” es relevante para la comprensión de los acontecimientos de ahora. Eso porque, en el génesis de una nueva enfermedad, la pandemia reunió circunstancias en que la interface entre a sociedad y el mundo natural se desregularon, y también en que las formas modernas de comunicación permitieron la diseminación de la enfermedad en todo el mundo con una rapidez sin precedentes. Varias líneas de división social son expuestas por la crisis, pues las clases sociales, las poblaciones étnicas, las naciones y las regiones están siendo perjudicadas de maneras diferentes. Prioridades contrastantes, de origen ideológica, son reveladas en la respuesta que los gobiernos están dando al virus, en el compromiso que ellos están teniendo con la preservación de vidas en comparación con otros intereses materiales. En una segunda parte del articulo son exploradas las dimensiones psicosociales de la crisis. Una perspectiva psicoanalítica enfoca las ansiedades como siendo generadas por el trastorno y por los riesgos extremos impuestos por la crisis. Se sugiere que estas sean no apenas conscientes, sino también inconscientes, dando origen a tipos destructivos de fragmentación y negación psicológicos y perturbando las capacidades de tomada de decisión reflexiva. Se argumenta que la pérdida de estructuras mentales y sociales "continentes” está teniendo efectos perjudiciales ahora, y que su restauración puede ser el prerrequisito de resoluciones constructivas para una crisis social generalizada.

Cet article examine les significations de la pandémie du coronavirus d'un point de vue sociopolitique et psychanalytique. Il propose que le concept de « développement inégal et combiné ¼ soit essentiel pour la compréhension des évènements actuels. Tout cela parce que, dans la genèse d'une maladie neuve, la pandémie a réuni des circonstances où l'interface entre la société et le monde naturel est déréglée, mais aussi où les formes modernes de communication ont permis la dissémination de la maladie par tout dans le monde à une vitesse qui n'a pas de précédents. Plusieurs lignes de division sociale sont exposées par la crise, car les classes sociales, les populations ethniques, les nations et les religions subissent maintenant des dommages de différentes manières. On révèle des priorités contrastantes, d'origine idéologique, dans la réponse que les gouvernements donnent au virus, dans l'engagement assumé par rapport à la préservation de vies, si on les compare à d'autres intérêts matériaux. Dans la seconde partie de l'article on explore les dimensions psychosociales de la crise. Une perspective psychanalytique est axée sur les anxiétés considérées comme étant générées par le bouleversement et par les risques extrêmes imposés par la crise. On suggère qu'elles soient non seulement conscientes, mais aussi inconscients, entraînant des types destructifs de clivage et de dénis psychologiques et gênant les capacités de la prise de décision réflexive. L'argument employé, c'est que la perte de structures mentales et sociales « continentes ¼ présente maintenant des effets préjudiciels, et que sa restauration peut être le prérequis de résolutions constructives contre une crise sociale généralisée.

In silico analysis of chili encoded miRNAs targeting Chili leaf curl begomovirus and its associated satellite

Chili leaf curl virus (ChiLCV), a member of the Geminiviridae family (Genus: Begomovirus), is one of themost destructive plant viruses. Micro (mi) RNAs (miRNAs) are the endogenous non-coding small RNAsthat play significant roles in plant growth and stress resistance by degrading targeted mRNA or repressingmRNA translation. Computational methods have identified numerous miRNAs in many plant species, whereasthere is no report of chili miRNAs targeting essential genes of the ChiLCV genome and associated satellites.In this study, we have predicted chili-encoded miRNAs that could be used for silencing against chili leafcurl virus (Accession no. MF737343) infection. We predicted several potential mir-miRNAs, exhibited highcomplementarities with V1 coat protein and C1 (Rep) genes of ChiLCV. Other overlapping genes, such as V2,C2, and C3 were also targeted by mir-miRNAs.

Procleave: Predicting Protease-specific Substrate Cleavage Sites by Combining Sequence and Structural Information / 基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报·英文版

Proteases are enzymes that cleave and hydrolyse the peptide bonds between two specific amino acid residues of target substrate proteins. Protease-controlled proteolysis plays a key role in the degradation and recycling of proteins, which is essential for various physiological processes. Thus, solving the substrate identification problem will have important implications for the precise understanding of functions and physiological roles of proteases, as well as for therapeutic target identification and pharmaceutical applicability. Consequently, there is a great demand for bioinformatics methods that can predict novel substrate cleavage events with high accuracy by utilizing both sequence and structural information. In this study, we present Procleave, a novel bioinformatics approach for predicting protease-specific substrates and specific cleavage sites by taking into account both their sequence and 3D structural information. Structural features of known cleavage sites were represented by discrete values using a LOWESS data-smoothing optimization method, which turned out to be critical for the performance of Procleave. The optimal approximations of all structural parameter values were encoded in a conditional random field (CRF) computational framework, alongside sequence and chemical group-based features. Here, we demonstrate the outstanding performance of Procleave through extensive benchmarking and independent tests. Procleave is capable of correctly identifying most cleavage sites in the case study. Importantly, when applied to the human structural proteome encompassing 17,628 protein structures, Procleave suggests a number of potential novel target substrates and their corresponding cleavage sites of different proteases. Procleave is implemented as a webserver and is freely accessible at http://procleave.erc.monash.edu/.

Analysis of chemical constituents in Eupatorium lindleyanum by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS / 中草药

Objective: To analyze and identify the chemical constituents from Lindley eupatorium by using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. Methods: The separation was performed on Waters Acquity UPLC BEH C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column with gradient elution of 0.1% formic acid (A)-acetonitrile (B), the flow rate was 0.2 mL/min. The column temperature was set at 35 ℃. The MS analysis was based on information associated mode (IDA), and positive and negative ions were collected respectively. Results: A total of 26 compounds in L. eupatorium were identified by PeakView, combined with the mass spectrometry data of each chromatographic peak in the database, and the cleavage law of secondary fragment of each peak of which11 compounds were first reported for L. eupatorium. The main chemical constituents included flavonoids, nucleosides, alkaloids, phenylpropanoid, sesquiterpenoids, coumarins, polyols, etc. Conclusion: The method is accurate, reliable and effficient, which is suitable for rapid identification of ingredients in L. eupatorium, which provides a reference for clarify its efficacy and material basis.

Advance in Mechanisms of Calpain Involved in Hyperphosphorylation and Truncation of Tau Protein (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, which is characterized by cognitive and memory dysfunction. Calpain is widely activated in cells. Disturbance of calpain is currently thought to a main cause of hyperphosphorylation and abnormal cleavage of tau protein in AD pathology. Calpain affects the activities of glycogen synthase kinase 3 and protein phosphatase 2A, which causes abnormal hyperphosphorylation of multiple sites of tau protein, and mediates truncation of tau protein monomers, and induces neurodegeneration. Calpain is expected to be a potential target for drug therapy of AD.

Improving proteolytic stability of Npu DnaE C-fragment in Escherichia coli expression system / 中国药科大学学报

@#Naturally split Npu DnaE intein can mediate rapid trans-splicing and C-cleavage, which is of great use in many aspects of protein engineering. However, the degradation of NpuC during expression and purification reduces the yield and purity of recombinant protein. N2C, an extended NpuN2-containing N-terminal NpuC fragment, was constructed to improve NpuC stability. N2C was expressed in BL21(DE3) and purified by affinity chromatography. The degradation ratio was calculated by ImageJ, and the factors affecting the C-terminal cleavage reaction of intein, such as temperature, DTT concentration and N/C ratio, were also investigated. The results showed that N2C lowered the proportion of degradation to 2.7%-7.2% and the yield of C-terminal cleavage reached 90% in 30 min at 37 °C with an N/C ratio of 5∶1 catalyzed by 1 mmol/L DTT. N2C can not only improve the stability of NpuC in Escherichia coli expression system, but also retain the activity of C-terminal cleavage reaction, which is of great significance for its application in protein purification.

Proteolytic cleavage of neuroligins and functions of their cleavage products / 浙江大学学报·医学版

Neuroligin is a key protein that mediates synaptic development and maturation, and is closely related to neurodevelopmental diseases such as autism. In recent years, researchers have found that neuroligin can be hydrolyzed by various proteases at different stages of development, neuronal activities or pathological states of some neuropsychiatric diseases, thus affecting synaptic activity and participating in the occurrence and development of neurological diseases. The hydrolysates may have different physiological functions from the whole protein, and play different functions in neural activities, such as regulating synaptic plasticity, increasing synaptic strength and number, affecting amyloid-β polymerization, promoting glioma proliferation and growth, activating related signaling pathways, and so on. In this article, on the basis of elaborating the structure and function of neuroligin as a whole protein, the conditions and products of its hydrolysis are summarized and analyzed, and the functional consequences and physiological significance of its hydrolysis are discussed.

L'accueil: regards croisés en France et au Brésil / Embracement: Cross readings between France and Brazil

Cet article analyse l´accueil dans les services de santé et sociaux au Brésil et en France. L'accueil s'appuie sur des collectes d'informations qui amènent les personnes à livrer une part d'intimité de leur vie personnelle, de leur quotidien et de leur territoire. Il est souvent attribué à des agents peu ou surqualifiés mais des statuts d'agents administratifs ou d'animation de base. Dans les deux pays mis en regard, les équipes des secteurs de la Santé et du Social sont cloisonnées professionnellement entre service technique et service social. Les salariés sont alors divisés en fonction de leurs compétences professionnelles et de leur expertise. Les travailleurs ont des responsabilités différentes et la division n'est pas seulement liée à l'activité de travail, elle revêt aussi un caractère social reproduisant le clivage entre les classes sociales et leur hiérarchie professionnelle, dans une activité de travail peu valorisée.(AU)

Este artigo analisa o acolhimento em serviços de saúde e social no Brasil e na França. O acolhimento se apoia em coletas de informações que leva as pessoas a revelarem aspectos íntimos sobre a vida da família, sobre seu cotidiano e sobre os territórios nos quais estão inseridas. Na França esse procedimento é frequentemente atribuído aos agentes do trabalho com menor qualificação profissional, mas com status de agentes administrativos ou formados em animação. Nos dois países analisados, as equipes do setor de saúde e do setor social estão "presas" entre dimensões técnicas e dimensões sociais. Os trabalhadores são divididos em função de suas competências profissionais e também de suas especialidades. Esses trabalhadores têm responsabilidades diferentes e a divisão não é somente ligada ao trabalho, mas é revestida também de um caráter social, reproduzindo a clivagem entre as classes sociais e suas hierarquias no cotidiano de trabalho, em uma atividade pouco valorizada.(AU)

This article analyzes the user embracement in health and social services in Brazil and France. User embracement is based on information gathering that brings people to share intimacy with family life, their daily lives and the territory in which they live. It is often awarded to low or overqualified agents but on the status of basic administrative or animation agents. In both countries, the teams teams from the health and social sectors are professionally separated between technical and social services. Employees are then divided according to their professional skills and expertise. The workers have different responsibilities and the division is not only related to the activity of work, it also has a social character reproducing the cleavage between the social classes and their hierarchies in everyday work, in an activity that is not very valued.(AU)

Production of Hydrolysate of Okara Protein Concentrate with High Antioxidant Capacity and Aglycone Isoflavone Content

Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the enzymatic hydrolysis of okara protein concentrate with respect to degree of hydrolysis (DH) in order to obtain a protein hydrolysate with high antioxidant capacity and aglycones isoflavone content. A central composite rotatable design was carried out to evaluate the influence of temperature (40 to 70°C), enzyme:substrate ratio (0.5 to 5.0%, g/100g protein) and pH (7.0 to 9.0) on DH. The optimal condition was 55°C, pH 9 and enzyme:substrate ratio of 5.0%, resulting a DH value of 35.5%. After protein hydrolysis at optimal condition, the antioxidant capacities of hydrolysate increased from 58.29 to 383.49 μM Trolox equivalent/g solids (ABTS method) and 2.41 to 15.32 μM Trolox equivalent/g solids (FRAP method) when compared with protein concentrate. The higher radical scavenging ability of hydrolysate was due to great amount of hydrophobic amino acids (34.92 g/100g protein). Moreover, the protein hydrolysate obtained under optimal condition had 3 times higher aglycone isoflavone content than non-hydrolyzed sample. These results showed that protein hydrolysis of okara could be an alternative approach to increase antioxidant activity and enrich aglycones isoflavone in this byproduct generated from soymilk industry.

Qualitative Analysis of Fried Semen Strychni Seeds by Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatographycombined with Quadrupole Time-of-flight Mass Spectrometry / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To identify the main chemical constituents in the extract of deep fried strychnas by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. METHODS: Agilent SB-C18(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm) column was used. Gradient elution was conducted with mobile phase consisting of 0.1% formic acid solution (A) and acetonitrile (B)at a flow rate of 0.2 mL•min-1. The column temperature was maitained at 35 ℃. MS analysis was based on information associated mode (IDA) that positive and negative ions were respectively collected. RESULTS: A total of 31 compounds were identified in deep fried strychnas, of which eight had not been reported as Semen Strychni,and four new compounds were found in the positive and negative ion mode. The main chemical constituents included alkaloids, organic acids, glycosides, etc. CONCLUSION: The method is accurate, reliable, and efficient, and is suitable for rapid identification of the ingredients in deep fried strychnas, which provides a reference for the development and utilization of processed products of Semen Strychni and clarification of its efficacy and material basis.

Identification on chemical constituents of aqueous extract of Scrophulariae Radix by UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap HRMS combined with cleavage pathways / 中草药

Objective: To rapidly identify the chemical constituents from the aqueous extract of Scrophulariae Radix by UPLC-LTQ- Orbitrap HRMS combined with cleavage pathways of different chemical constituent cluster. Methods: The analysis was performed on an Acquity UPLC® BEH C18 column (100 mm ×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm). The mobile phase consisted of methanol and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution was used for gradient elution, with a flow rate of 0.20 mL/min. ESI ion source was applied for mass spectra under positive mode. Results: The cleavage pathways of iridoids and phenylpropanoids were summarized based on mass data of standards. The constituents of the aqueous extract of Scrophulariae Radix were further analyzed by using the mass data and element compositions analysis, and referring with the cleavage pathways, literatures and ClogP value. A total of 61 constituents were identified, including 28 iridoids, 27 phenylpropanoids, and six others. Among them, three acetylangoroside C and methoxylscrophuloside B4 were new compounds, and stegioside III was identified from Scrophulariae Radix for the first time. Conclusion: UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap HRMS can rapidly and comprehensively characterize the chemical constituents of the aqueous extract of Scrophulariae Radix, which provides a reference for the clarification of efficacy material basis and quality control of Scrophulariae Radix.

Effect of Long-time Slow-frozen Storage on Epigenetic Changes of Histone in Cleavage-stage Embryos / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@#【Objective】To investigate the impact of long- term storage time on epigenetic modification of histone in human cleavage stage embryos.【Methods】According to the length of storage time，donated embryos after slow-freezing were divided into 3 groups ：6-year group ，9-year group ，and 12-year group ，while the control group consisted of donated fresh embryos. Immunocytochemistry was performed to compare the expression levels of HDAC1， H3K9ac， H3K4me3 ，and H3K9me3 among 4 groups. Transcription levels of HDAC1 ，SUV39H1 ，SETDB1 ，and KDM5A were analyzed through Single-Cell qRT-PCR.【Results】The relative abundances of HDAC1 and SUV39H1 mRNA showed no significant differences among 4 groups（P > 0.05）. SETDB1 exhibited a climbing pattern as storage time increased，but no significant difference was observed（P > 0.05）. There were no differences in H3K9 trimethylation and H3K9 methylation among 4 groups. However ，the expression level of KDM5A increased with the increasing storage time（P < 0.05）.【Conclusions】 Storage time did not affect the expression of deacetylase HDAC1，methylase SUV39H1 and SETDB1. H3K9ac/me3 and H3K4me3 also exhibited no significant difference as the storage time increases. However ，the increasing storage length might induce the elevating expression of demethylase KDM5A，which may be associated with inhibition of embryonic transcription.

Immunosuppressant mycophenolic acid biosynthesis employs a new globin-like enzyme for prenyl side chain cleavage

Mycophenolic acid (MPA, ) and its derivatives are first-line immunosuppressants used in organ transplantation and for treating autoimmune diseases. Despite chemical synthetic achievements, the biosynthetic formation of a seven-carbon carboxylic acid pharmacophore side chain of , especially the processes involving the cleavage of the prenyl side chain between DHMP () and DMMPA (), remains unknown. In this work, we identified a membrane-bound prenyltransferase, PgMpaA, that transfers FPP to to yield FDHMP (). Compound undergoes the first cleavage step a new globin-like enzyme PgMpaB to form a cryptic intermediate . Heterologous expression of genes in demonstrates that the second cleavage step (from to ) of is a cluster-independent process . Our results, especially the discovery of the broad tolerance of substrates recognized by PgMpaB, set up a strategy for the formation of "pseudo-isopentenyl" natural products using fungal globin-like enzymes.